15. 3Sum

Medium (Trung bình) Python 🔗 Xem trên LeetCode

📋 Đề Bài

Given an integer array nums, return all the triplets [nums[i], nums[j], nums[k]] such that i != j, i != k, and j != k, and nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] == 0.

Notice that the solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [-1,0,1,2,-1,-4]
Output: [[-1,-1,2],[-1,0,1]]
Explanation: 
nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2] = (-1) + 0 + 1 = 0.
nums[1] + nums[2] + nums[4] = 0 + 1 + (-1) = 0.
nums[0] + nums[3] + nums[4] = (-1) + 2 + (-1) = 0.
The distinct triplets are [-1,0,1] and [-1,-1,2].
Notice that the order of the output and the order of the triplets does not matter.

Example 2:

Input: nums = [0,1,1]
Output: []
Explanation: The only possible triplet does not sum up to 0.

Example 3:

Input: nums = [0,0,0]
Output: [[0,0,0]]
Explanation: The only possible triplet sums up to 0.

 

Constraints:

  • 3 <= nums.length <= 3000
  • -105 <= nums[i] <= 105

🧠 Thuật Toán & Kỹ Thuật

Sorting (Sắp xếp)
⏱️ Thời gian O(n log n)
💾 Không gian O(n)

💻 Lời Giải

Python 0015-3sum.py
class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[List[int]]:
        n = len(nums)
        nums.sort()
        ans = set()
        
        for i in range(n - 2):
            l, r = i + 1, n - 1
            target = -nums[i]
            
            while l < r:
                total = nums[l] + nums[r]
                if total == target:
                    ans.add((nums[i], nums[l], nums[r]))
                    r -= 1
                    l += 1
                elif total > target:
                    r -= 1
                else:
                    l += 1
                    
        return ans